Constitution of Medina
Among the first things Muhammad(saw) did in order to settle down the longstanding grievances among the tribes of Medina was drafting a document known as the Constitution of Medina, "establishing a kind of alliance or federation" among the eight Medinan tribes and Muslim emigrants from Mecca, which specified the rights and duties of all citizens and the relationship of the different communities in Medina (including that of the Muslim community to other communities, specifically the Jews and other "Peoples of the Book").[104][105] The community defined in the Constitution of Medina, Ummah, had a religious outlook but was also shaped by practical considerations and substantially preserved the legal forms of the old Arab tribes.[10] It effectively established the first Islamic state.
The first group of pagan converts to Islam in Medina were the clans who had not produced great leaders for themselves but had suffered from warlike leaders from other clans. This was followed by the general acceptance of Islam by the pagan population of Medina, apart from some exceptions. According to Ibn Ishaq, this was influenced by the conversion of Saad ibn Mu'adh (a prominent Medinan leader) to Islam.[107] Those Medinans who converted to Islam and helped the Muslim emigrants find shelter became known as the ansar (supporters).[10] Then Muhammad(saw) instituted brotherhood between the emigrants and the supporters and he chose Ali as his own brother.[108]
Among the first things Muhammad(saw) did in order to settle down the longstanding grievances among the tribes of Medina was drafting a document known as the Constitution of Medina, "establishing a kind of alliance or federation" among the eight Medinan tribes and Muslim emigrants from Mecca, which specified the rights and duties of all citizens and the relationship of the different communities in Medina (including that of the Muslim community to other communities, specifically the Jews and other "Peoples of the Book").[104][105] The community defined in the Constitution of Medina, Ummah, had a religious outlook but was also shaped by practical considerations and substantially preserved the legal forms of the old Arab tribes.[10] It effectively established the first Islamic state.
The first group of pagan converts to Islam in Medina were the clans who had not produced great leaders for themselves but had suffered from warlike leaders from other clans. This was followed by the general acceptance of Islam by the pagan population of Medina, apart from some exceptions. According to Ibn Ishaq, this was influenced by the conversion of Saad ibn Mu'adh (a prominent Medinan leader) to Islam.[107] Those Medinans who converted to Islam and helped the Muslim emigrants find shelter became known as the ansar (supporters).[10] Then Muhammad(saw) instituted brotherhood between the emigrants and the supporters and he chose Ali as his own brother.[108]
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