Muhammad's(saw) wives and Ahl al-Bayt"Muhammad(saw)'s life is traditionally defined into two periods: pre-hijra (emigration) in Mecca (from 570 to 622), and post-hijra in Medina (from 622 until 632). Muhammad(saw) is said to have had thirteen wives or concubines (there are differing accounts on the status of some of them as wife or concubine[48])[49] All but two of his marriages were contracted after the migration to Medina.
At the age of 25, Muhammad(saw) married the wealthy Khadijah bint Khuwaylid who was 40 years old at that time.[50] The marriage lasted for 25 years and was a happy one.[51][52][53] After the death of Khadija, it was suggested to Muhammad(saw) by Khawla bint Hakim that he should marry Sawda bint Zama, a Muslim widow, or Aisha, daughter of Um Ruman and Abu Bakr of Mecca. Muhammad(saw) is said to have asked her to arrange for him to marry both.[54] Muhammad(saw) relied upon Khadija in many ways and did not enter into marriage with another woman during this marriage.
Traditional sources dictate that Aisha was six or seven years old when betrothed to Muhammad(saw)[54][55][56] but the marriage was not consummated until she was nine or ten years old.[54][55][57][58][59] While the majority of traditional sources indicate Aisha was 9 (and therefore a virgin) at the time of marriage, a small number of more recent writers have variously estimated her age at 15 to 24.[60][61][62][63]
Later, Muhammad(saw) married additional wives, nine of whom survived him.[49] Aisha, who became known as Muhammad(saw)'s favourite wife in Sunni tradition, survived him by many decades and was instrumental in helping to bring together the scattered sayings of Muhammad(saw) that would form the Hadith literature for the Sunni branch of Islam.[54]
After migration to Medina, Muhammad(saw) (who was now in his fifties) married several women. These marriages were contracted mostly for political or humanitarian reasons, these wives being either widows of who had been killed in the battles and had been left without a protector, or belonging to important families or clans whom it was necessary to honor and strengthen alliances.[64] Muslims
Muhammad(saw) did his own household chores and helped with housework, such as preparing food, sewing clothes and repairing shoes. Muhammad(saw) is also said to have had accustomed his wives to dialogue; he listened to their advice, and the wives debated and even argued with him.[65][66][67]
Khadijah is said to have borne Muhammad(saw) four daughters (Ruqayyah bint Muhammad(Ra), Umm Kulthum bint Muhammad(Ra), Zainab bint Muhammad(Ra), Fatimah Zahra(Ra) and two sons (Abd-Allah ibn Muhammad(Ra) and Qasim ibn Muhammad(Ra) who both died in childhood. All except two of his daughters, Fatimah and Zainab, died before him.[68] Shi'a scholars contend that Fatimah was Muhammad(saw)'s only daughter.[69] Maria al-Qibtiyya(Ra) bore him a son named Ibrahim ibn Muhammad(Ra), but the child died when he was two years old.[68]
Muhammad(saw)'s descendants through Fatimah are known as sharifs, syeds or sayyids. These are honorific titles in Arabic, sharif meaning 'noble' and sayedsayyid meaning 'lord' or 'sir'. As Muhammad(saw)'s only descendants, they are respected by both Sunni and Shi'a, though the Shi'as place much more emphasis and value on their distinction.[70] or
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