The Farewell Pilgrimage
At the end of the tenth year after the migration to Medina, Muhammad(saw) carried through his first truly Islamic pilgrimage, thereby teaching his followers the rites of the annual Great Pilgrimage (Hajj).[10]
After completing the pilgrimage, Muhammad(saw) delivered a famous speech known as The Farewell Sermon. In this sermon, Muhammad(saw) advised his followers not to follow certain pre-Islamic customs such as adding intercalary months to align the lunar calendar with the solar calendar. Muhammad(saw) abolished all old blood feuds and disputes based on the former tribal system and asked for all old pledges to be returned as implications of the creation of the new Islamic community. Commenting on the vulnerability of women in his society, Muhammed(saw) asked his male followers to “Be good to women; for they are powerless captives (awan) in your households. You took them in Allah’s trust, and legitimated your sexual relations with the Word of Allah, so come to your senses people, and hear my words ...”. He also told them that they were entitled to discipline their wives but should do so with kindness. Muhammad(saw) also addressed the issue of inheritance by forbidding false claims of paternity or of a client relationship to the deceased and also forbidding his followers to leave their wealth to a testamentary heir. He also upheld the sacredness of four lunar months in each year.[167][168] According to Sunni tafsir, the following Qur'anic verse was delivered in this incident: “Today I have perfected your religion, and completed my favours for you and chosen Islam as a religion for you.”(Qur'an 5:3)[10] According to Shia tafsir, it refers to appointment of Ali ibn Abi Talib at the pond of Khumm as Muhammad(saw)'s successor, this occurring a few days later when Muslims were returning from Mecca to Medina.[169]
A few months after the farewell pilgrimage, Muhammad(saw) fell ill and suffered for several days with head pain and weakness. He died on Monday, June 8, 632, in Medina, at the age of 63.[170] With his head resting on Aisha's lap he murmured his final words soon after asking her to dispose of his last worldly goods, which were seven coins:
Rather, Allah on High and paradise.[170]—Muhammad(saw)
He is buried where he died, which was in Aisha's house and is now housed within the Mosque of the Prophet in the city of Medina.[10][171][172] Next to Muhammad(saw)'s tomb, there is another empty tomb that Muslims believe awaits Jesus.[172][173]
At the end of the tenth year after the migration to Medina, Muhammad(saw) carried through his first truly Islamic pilgrimage, thereby teaching his followers the rites of the annual Great Pilgrimage (Hajj).[10]
After completing the pilgrimage, Muhammad(saw) delivered a famous speech known as The Farewell Sermon. In this sermon, Muhammad(saw) advised his followers not to follow certain pre-Islamic customs such as adding intercalary months to align the lunar calendar with the solar calendar. Muhammad(saw) abolished all old blood feuds and disputes based on the former tribal system and asked for all old pledges to be returned as implications of the creation of the new Islamic community. Commenting on the vulnerability of women in his society, Muhammed(saw) asked his male followers to “Be good to women; for they are powerless captives (awan) in your households. You took them in Allah’s trust, and legitimated your sexual relations with the Word of Allah, so come to your senses people, and hear my words ...”. He also told them that they were entitled to discipline their wives but should do so with kindness. Muhammad(saw) also addressed the issue of inheritance by forbidding false claims of paternity or of a client relationship to the deceased and also forbidding his followers to leave their wealth to a testamentary heir. He also upheld the sacredness of four lunar months in each year.[167][168] According to Sunni tafsir, the following Qur'anic verse was delivered in this incident: “Today I have perfected your religion, and completed my favours for you and chosen Islam as a religion for you.”(Qur'an 5:3)[10] According to Shia tafsir, it refers to appointment of Ali ibn Abi Talib at the pond of Khumm as Muhammad(saw)'s successor, this occurring a few days later when Muslims were returning from Mecca to Medina.[169]
A few months after the farewell pilgrimage, Muhammad(saw) fell ill and suffered for several days with head pain and weakness. He died on Monday, June 8, 632, in Medina, at the age of 63.[170] With his head resting on Aisha's lap he murmured his final words soon after asking her to dispose of his last worldly goods, which were seven coins:
Rather, Allah on High and paradise.[170]—Muhammad(saw)
He is buried where he died, which was in Aisha's house and is now housed within the Mosque of the Prophet in the city of Medina.[10][171][172] Next to Muhammad(saw)'s tomb, there is another empty tomb that Muslims believe awaits Jesus.[172][173]
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